Made Portugal
Spanish conquest of Portugal?
How did Spain conquer Portugal?
I know that Spain had Gold from the New World, and
Portugal made money from spices from the Indies,
but how exactly did the larger, stronger, more Catholic Spain,
conquer Portugal?
and why didn't they just kill off the nobility there so they
wouldn't separate?
Yet France conquered Spain in the early 1800s, but then lost the peninsular war to Spain not long after, and Portugal was not conquered....yet Portugal had British assistance...Spain is still supreme!
Like someone mentioned, it was not exactly a conquest but a handing over.
The portuguese king, the very young (21) and immature Sebastião had died while trying to conquer back the moroccan city of Alcacer-Quibir, despite the warnings and advices of most counselors. Since he died heir less, the throne went to his old uncle Henry, a cardinal, who also died without an heir in 1580.
There were several claimants to the portuguese throne, some portuguese but the majority were foreigners.
Note: You have to bear in mind that back then and even today, ALL kings and queens of Europe were/are cousins in a way or the other, they are all related.
The strongest claimant was Philip II of Spain, cousin of Sebastião and nephew of the previous portuguese king Manuel. Since he had many supporters among the portuguese nobles, he practically entered in Portugal as a guest becoming Philip I of Portugal. He maintained the status of Portugal as an independent country and the portuguese territory, discovered lands in Africa and the court remained unaltered.
The curious thing is that over the centuries Spain had come closer to being ruled by a portuguese king than the other way around.
For example in 1491, prince Afonso, king John II (the king that sent Vasco da Gama on his journey) son, was married since birth to the daughter of the catholic kings of Spain, Isabella and Ferdinand.
He was to become the greatest king on earth, the ruler of both Portugal and Spain and of all lands discovered or to be discovered.
But he died in a horse accident. If he hadn't died, today there would only be one nation (an ensemble of kingdoms) in the Iberian Peninsula and probably the USA would now be speaking portuguese (it was the "lingua franca" in the world back then, like english is today, people spoke portuguese in Africa, Brazil, India, Malaysia, Indonesia, China and Japan) since the magnitude of both spanish and portuguese countries combined (the two ruling superpowers for 200 years) would have made the vast empire last much longer.
In 1640 the portuguese nobles revolted and gave the throne to Joao IV, a descendant of the previous portuguese dinasty and Portugal became separate from Spain, again, until today.
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